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The fear of the dark is a common fear or phobia among children and, to a varying degree, of adults. Fear of the dark is usually not fear of darkness itself, but fear of possible or imagined dangers concealed by darkness. Some degree of fear of the dark is natural, especially as a phase of child development. Most observers report that fear of the dark seldom appears before the age of 2 years.〔Arthur T Jersild (2007) "Children's Fears", ISBN 1-4067-5827-2, (p. 173 )〕 When fear of the dark reaches a degree that is severe enough to be considered pathological, it is sometimes called achluophobia, ''nyctophobia'' (from Greek νυξ, "night"), scotophobia (from σκότος - "darkness"), or lygophobia (from λυγή - "twilight"). Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark as a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder. An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory. In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called "scotophobin" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear. Subsequently, these findings were debunked.〔Louis Neal Irwin (2006) "Scotophobin: Darkness at the Dawn of the Search for Memory Molecules", ISBN 0-7618-3580-6〕 ==See also== *List of phobias *Fear of ghosts 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fear of the dark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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